User:Lacey/Cheatsheet

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Nouns

Class number in strong masc/fem only refers to nom. pl. ending:

  • 1 = -ar
  • 2 = -er
  • 3 = "irregular"
So what exactly does "irregular" mean? Do words automatically go in class 3 when they have umlauts? And why? To keep them separate for learners?

Nom. pl. in weak classes:

  • masc = -ar
  • fem = -er
  • neut = -er

Classes

Masculine

both a- and i-stems could have ar-, s- or both genitives in ON (source)
Nynorn puts i- and u-stems in the same class (Strong 2) regardless of their genitives (u-stems didn't have s-genitives in ON)
That isn't it either. son is a u-stem but is in class 3 for being "irregular"
  • nm.s.1 = strong a-stem (ex. hest < ON hestr)
  • nm.s.2(1) = strong i-stem, ar-genitive
  • nm.s.2(2) = strong i-stem, s-genitive
  • nm.s.2(3) = strong u-stem
  • nm.s.3 = "irregular" (ex. finger < ON fingr)
  • nm.w. = stem(s)? (ex. skuggi < ON skuggi)

Feminine

  • nf.s.1 = fem strong ijō-stem (ex. mør < ON mýrr)
  • nf.s.2 = fem strong i-stem (ex. ferd < ON ferð)
  • nf.s.3 = fem, strong consonant stem (ex. gås < ON gás)
  • nf.w. stem(s)? (ex. voga < ON vika)

Neuter

  • nn.s. = strong a-stem (ex. lamb < ON lamb)
  • nn.w. = weak an-stem (ex. joga < West ON auga)

Irregular classes

Basically words that don't fit any class and have certain irregularities in their declensions.

Masculine, Strong 3 (Icel. Strong 4)

Described in Icelandic as: Inconsistent Genitive, Nominative plural of -ur. Mostly a unique class for common words, which sadistically undergo very strange and inconsistent umlauts during declension. The six normal ones are listed without labels, any others in this class have fallen out of even literary usage.

List based on Nynorn Tutorial (Lesson Six) and the six common Icelandic words mentioned above.

Wiktionary treats the six Icelandic words as irregular without assigning them a class.

The Nynorn Tutorial (Lesson Six) categorises "son" into this class while it is considered Strong 3 in Icelandic (Wiktionary).

Feminine, Strong 3 (Icel. Strong 3)

Described in Icelandic as: Marked by a Genitive singular of -ar, -ur, or -r and a Nominative plural of -ur or -r. There are only a few words in this class, and they're all frustratingly irregular. To explain the class thoroughly would be to decline every word in it. Thus it is better just to memorize the declensions of Class 3 feminine words, especially since they're infuriatingly common words like bók (book), kýr (cow), and móðir (mother).

List based on Nynorn Lessons.

Wiktionary treats some of the Icelandic counterparts as irregular while others are assigned Strong 3. Find out what Strong 3 means on Wiktionary since this designation is given to irregular strong feminine nouns on other sites.

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