Dictionary:ganga

Nynorn

Etymology

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Shetland use

An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland (1928–1932)

Jakobsen, Jakob

geng [gɛŋ, gæŋ, gⁱɛŋ, ꬶɛŋ, ꬶæŋ], sb., 1) a going; gait, esp. in the exprs. “here [‘barley’]-g.”, “ait [‘oat’]-g.”, applied to the going of the mill: a) in grinding barley: more slowly (bere-g.); b) in grinding oats: more quickly (ait-g.); to set de mill till a bere-g. or ait-g.; cf. (bere-, ait-) lag¹, sb. 2) a thoroughfare, in the compd. “t’roughgeng”, thoroughfare; Du. [trɔwꞏꞏgæŋꞏ]. 3) times; circuit; row; esp. a row of loops or stitches round or across something knitted or plaited (stockings; shawls; mats; baskets, etc.); a g. o’ loops; to mak’ a g. upon a sock, hap (shawl), flakki (mat), kessi (basket). 4) one of the bands (comm. made of rush or bentgrass), crossing round a kessi, plaited between the straw-bands, = band. 5) a single row, dug by spade, across a cultivated patch of land; to set de g. (Ai.), to plant potatoes right across a cultivated patch of land, = to bet de roddek (Nm.). 6) a floor, = gang 1 b; Flad., Conn. — O.N. gangr, m., a going, walking, gang, n., a road, L.Sc. gang, sb., a passage; alley, etc. The developed vowel-sound “ɛ, æ”, in the Shetl. word, is prob. due to L.Sc. infl.; see under the verb geng.

geng [gɛŋ, gæŋ (gⁱɛŋ, ꬶɛŋ, ꬶæŋ)], vb., to go, O.N. ganga, L.Sc. gang, geng, vb., denotes both “to go” and “to walk”. The foll. meanings, orig. from Norn, may be noted: a) to swell; overflow, of water in a stream; de burn is gaun [‘going’]; b) to break heavily; to be in uproar, of the sea, esp. of surf on a sunken rock: de ba is gaun; see ba¹, sb.; c) of a current of air, sound-waves: to go; stream; roll; de grittin is gaun, the thunder is rolling; of the entrails, guts: to rumble; de dog’s guts is [‘are’] gaun. O.N. ganga, vb., inter alia, to flow; stream; also of sound-waves (lúðrar ganga, the trumpets are sounding); ganga 14 in Fr.; ganga yfir, to overflow; ganga upp, to increase, of wind and water (water in a river); cf. in the foll. Shetl. geng op and “geng ower”. Note also the use of geng in certain modes of exprs. such as: shø [‘she’] is sae [‘so’], at shø is gaun [‘going’] aboot, she is not quite well, but fairly well (really: she is well enough to go about); he is no gane [‘not gone’] to come, he will hardly come (N.I.), a gaun cauld, an infectious cold. — In phrases with preps. and advs.: “g. aboot”, in a special sense: of wind, to shift about or turn; to go about, — No. ganga um; cf. aboot-gaan, pres. part. and adj. — g. aff: a) to go off; pass away, = Fær. ganga av; b) to leave off; e.g. of mood, anger, hot temper, to g. aff o’ ane, = Fær. ganga av; c) to accomplish a heavy piece of work, e.g. de vor (the field-work in spring); rare; more comm. afgeng as a substantive (q.v.); d) to leave a surplus, — O.N. ganga af (meaning 5 in Fr.). — g. afore: a) to g. afore de hill, to descend the hill, slope (M.); cf. O.N. “(ganga) fyrir” in sense of (to go) over the edge (fyrir brekku, ofan fyrir brekkuna; see fyrir 2 in Fr.); b) to g. afore de craig [‘crag’] or sten, to fall (from the crag) into the sea (Uⁿ.), in Fo. with omission of the governed word: g. afore (understood: de “banks”, craig, etc.), to fall from the steep cliff or precipice (esp. in a fowling-cliff) and perish in the sea; in same sense Icel. ganga fyrir björg, Icel. and Fær. fara fyri(r) bakka; see afore, prep. and adv. — g. at, a) to set upon; to attack; to go at, O.N. ganga at; b) to set about doing something, O.N. ganga at; c) of wind: g. op or nort’ at, sooth at, to become northerly, southerly, see at, prep. — g. frae, a) to be taken from (as a part of something), to make an exception of, occas. = No. ganga fraa and Fær. ganga av (O.N. ganga frá, to part with or to be deprived of something); b) to die, of cattle (U^wg.), = g. till (O.N. ganga af, to go off, inter alia to die). — g. fram, see fram, adv. I 2. — g. op: a) to rise; b) of the sea near the shore, of surf: to heave, break high; the substantive uppgeng (q.v.) is more common; cf. O.N. ganga upp, of water (a stream): to increase, No. ganga upp; c) to come to an end, in perf. part. “gane op” = gane ut; see op, adv.; O.N. ganga upp, to use up; to be consumed; d) gane [‘gone’] op at, of wind; see prec. “g. at”. — g. ower: a) = geng op b, of the sea, surf (Conn.); cf. owergeng, sb.; b) to go beyond all bounds; go too far; dat or yon [‘that’] gengs ower; O.N. ganga yfir, inter alia, to exceed; surpass (meaning 4 in Fr.), to overflow the banks (meaning 7 in Fr.); cf. owergeng, vb.; c) to discuss; go over, Fær. ganga ivir. — g. till, to perish; to die, esp. of young, weak animals; I tink de calf or de lamb is gaun [‘going’] till, I think that the calf or lamb is going to die (U.); No. ganga til, inter alia, to perish; O.N. (Icel.) ganga til heljar, id. — g. togedder [‘together’], to settle (of a connection, agreement, compromise, etc.), = O.N. ganga saman. — g. under, a) to take a burden on one’s back, = Fær. ganga undir; b) to pledge oneself to something, to submit to, — O.N. ganga undir. — g. ut: a) (to go out) to begin the field-work in spring, de vor, to cultivate the ground in spring (Y^b.); b) to come to an end or to be worn out; de (corn-)rig is gane [‘gone’] ut, that patch of arable land has been exhausted, it cannot yield more (Uⁿ.); de day guid [‘went’] ut, the day passed (Fe.); O.N. ganga út, to come to an end (meaning 4 in Fr.); Fær. útgingin; Da. udgaaet = run short; c) to have a (definite, foretold) result; to be verified, of a prophecy. — g. wi’ or with [wɩþ]: a) to go on (in spite of opposition); to endure, g. wi’; I maun [‘must’] g. sae [‘so’] wi’ (Sa.); O.N. ganga við, to be about; make progress (meaning 4 in Fr.); b) to decline; waste away; to be enfeebled (N.I.), g. wi’ or (more comm.) with; No. ganga (gaa) ved (R.); Sw. dial. ganga med or ved (ga me, gå vä: Ri.), to perish; die; c) to own up; confess, to g. wi’ onyting (Uⁿ.); O.N. ganga við, to own up; confess (meaning 2 in Fr.). — “geng” is most prob. to be regarded as a L.Sc. form (Jam.: gang, geng) as the O.N. “-ang” in Shetl. is comm. preserved as “-ang [aŋ]” or “-ong [åŋ, ɔŋ!”- The Fær. form “genga [gæŋga]”, = ganga, is doubtless an accidental parallelism. An ancient form gonga [gɔŋga], gonge [gɔŋgə], = O.N. ganga, is found preserved in a few Shetl. Norn fragments from Fe. and U. (see Introd.). In Hildina-ballad: gonga.

Pronunciation

IPA:

Alternate Forms

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Verb

ganga

1. go

Inflection

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Synonyms

(none known)