Angus

PREFACE.

The object which I have in view in publishing this Glossary is to help to preserve what yet remains among us of our old Norn language, and at the same time to give a fair sample of our dialect as it was spoken in the nineteenth century, and on to the present time.

I have endeavoured to make my vocabulary something more than a mere list of words. A list of words may be interesting to the philologist, but it can be little practical use to an ordinary person. By marks to denote the different vowel sounds, I have given the common pronunciation, and by quotations of colloquial phrases I have tried to show the idioms of our vernacular speech, so that strangers may see the peculiarities that make it a distinct dialect.

Preparing this work has been a pleasant task to me, and now I leave it with the hope that it may be a means of entertainment to the old and of instruction to the young who may deign to peruse it.

J. S. A.

St. Olaf Street, Lerwick,

March 1914.

[9]

Glossary of Shetland Dialect.

A.

Ā, n. the first letter of the alphabet.

ĀĀ, or Ā′, adj. the whole; every one of; every part of.

Ā, prep. of; belonging to; relating to.

Ā, v.p. have; to effect. "I wid a dun it if A could."

Ā, first person pron. I, when emphatic I.

ȦBER, adj. sharp, acute, as an edge-tool; clear, well defined, as a cloudless sky; eager, as a hungry fish at a bait; secure, as a knot on a line; ardent, severe; v.p. to sharpen, as a knife; to stir up and make bright, as a fire.

ȦBER KNOT, n. a mystical knot; a knot on a wrestin treed.--A proper wrestin treed is made in three strands, with three knots on each strand. Such a thread applied to a sprain, while the prescribed incantation is being muttered by the operator, is an infallible remedy.

ABOOT, prep. around, surrounding; adv. nearly.

ABÜN, prep. above.

ABÜN A′, exceeding, extraordinary; exceptional, without precedent.

ABÜN′BÜIRD, adv. without reserve; openly admitted or disclosed.

ACHT, n. a valuable possession, "Hit wis a acht ta hea"; state of being possessed, " I hae no wan upo mi acht"; v.p. owned, "Wha acht it" = to whom did it belong.

AD′NASJŪR, n. a large wave, or waves, coming after a succession of lesser ones.

ADÜM′S, adv. for example. "Adums a me," = I am an example, as it is in my case.

AER, n. an oar.

AES, n. a blaze, a blazing fire.

AESIN, v.a. and adj. blazing.

[10]

AEZHENS, n. the eaves of a roof, the part of a roof that projects over the face of the wall.

AEZHENHEAD, n. the level top of the side wall of a house inside of the roof.

AFF, adv. "Geng aff," go a-fishing in a boat. "Lay aff," declaim. "Set aff," depart. "Tak aff," abate, as the wind; snub. "Win aff," finish the voar work.

AFBEN′D, v.p. to take the bends off a horse.

AFBEAR′IN v.a., pr.p., and adj. dissuading.

AFBID′DIN, adj. having a forbidding appearance, having a threatening aspect; forbidding.

AFBREG′, v.p. to alter the ear-marks of a sheep, to change from one man's mark to another man's mark.

AFBREG′GET, adj. having the ear-marks altered.

AFF′LŪG′ENS, n. the same as afrinnens.

AF′LAY, n. declamation, fluency of speech, display in speaking.

AFLOD′DEN, v.p. to unload, to discharge the cargo of a boat.

AFLŪ′VA, n. the same as afrug.

AFORE′, prep. and adv. before.

AF′RINNENS, n. the heaviest part of the refuse of corn, which falls on the tail of the flakki when the corn is being fljūget.

AF′RUG, n. the reflux of a wave after it has struck the shore.

AFRÜI′D, v.p. to dissuade.

AFT, adv. often.

AF′SET, n. something in a person's dress or manner which makes him show to advantage; a showy, assertive manner.

AF′TAK, n. disparaging insinuation; a sarcasting remark; an inuendo; a snub. The discontinuance of a spell of bad weather.

AF′WINNEN, n. a supper in celebration of the fishing of the voar work.

AG, n. the choppy motion of waves when they come near to a weather shore; the agitated motion of the sea when it has met an obstruction. Eagerness, "De'r ne ag upo da fish da day." v.a. to incite, to provoke to action; to allure.

AGAIN, prep. against, opposite to, opposed to.

AG′GEK, n. a fish--the same as the skitik.

AG′GISOM, adj. having a threatening appearance.

[11]

AGGL, v.p. to defile, to soil; v.a. to act in such a way as to cause defilement or inhury, "To aggl intil a thing."

AGRAVA′TIOUS, adj. aggravating, irritating, annoying.

ȦH, pron. what? what do you say?

AHINT′, prep. behind.

AIKER, n. the crop of the bere plant.

AIN, adj. own; belonging to.

AIR, n. the firmament, the atmosphere, "Whartu is du staandin gaanin up idda air lek a moniment?"

AIR, n. a very small quantity.

AIR, n. smell, odour; effluence, "I felt da air o's breath." "Lass, ko di's intru an get da air a da fire."

AIR, n. a seabeach composed of shingle.

AIRV′HUS, n. the place of meeting appointed by the Foud.

ĂK′KAMI, n. a poor infirm person or animal.

ĂK′KER, n. fragments, minute particles; especially corn trampled by animals or broken down by the wind, "Laid in akker."

ĂKKERDÜIR′, v.a. to put up with, to persevere with, to have patience with; to endure; to endeavour.

ĂKLIN, n. a sullen person.

ĂKS, v.p. ask.

ĂKSJON, n. an act, a performance.

ĂKTIV, adj. industrious.

ĀLAN, n. a fowl--the skuti-alan.

ĀLD, adj. old.

ALDFARRANT, adj. antiquated, old-fashioned.

ALDWARLD, adj. belonging to, or relating to ancient times.

ĀLI, v.p. to pet, to cherish, to nourish.

ALIKAD′DI, n. a pet lamb.

ALIKRAB′, n. a species of crab, of a small size, commonly found in the ebb lying under a tuft of tang.

ALIKRO′GI, n. a weakly animal that cannot stand the cold, and so is addicted to crouching under shelter.

ALIKRŪK′I, n. a sort of bukki.

ALIPAT′TI n. a pet swine.

ALIPLUKK′ENS, n. wool taken off the belly of a sheep, supposed to be the best quality of wool.

ÂLL′ISJON, n. a shoemaker's crooked awl.

[12]

ÂL′MARK, n. an animal that cannot be restrained from trespassing on arable land; a sheep that jumps over dykes or breaks through fences.

ALTO′, conj. although.

AMÊST′, adv. almost.

AM′MEL, v.a. to try to do a thing; to make an attempt; n. an attempt.

AM′MERSWAK, n. a state of unrest, a state of turmoil, "What's du in sik a ammerswak aboot?"

AMOS, n. a dole promised to some indigent person on condition that some hoped for good comes to the person who promises. "To lay on amos"--to promise an a mos. "To win a amos"--if the hoped for good thing is got or gained, then it is said that the person to whom the promise was made has won the amos. "If du wins dat amos at I get dis diksjonar dun afore Yul, I s'be awn dee a new pair a rivlins."

AMOS BODDI, n. a person who is deserving of charity; a person who is capable of winning an amos.

ĂMP, n. anxiety, watchfulness; anxious, anticipation of some expected event; v.a. "to amp," "I lay ampin aa nicht lipnin Johni ta da door."

ÂN, conj. if.

ÂN′DER, n. a porch, a lobby; the speace between an outer and an inner door.

AN′DI, n. a stench, offensive smell.

ĀN′DŪ, v.a. to keep a boat in position by rowing gently against wind or tide.

ĂN′KER, n. a measure of capacity--⅓ of a barrel, 10 gallons.

ÂN′KLOVAN, n. sea name for fire-tongs.

ÂNN′ASTER, n. a two-year old animal, an animal in its second year.

ĂNN′IWHART, adj. uneven, unsteady, changeable as the wind.

ĂNS′ABLE, adj. heedful, attentive, obedient.

ĂNSE, v.p. to heed, to pay attention to, to respond to a request or command; to obey.

ÂNNS, n. the heavier part of chaff which rests on the flakki when corn is being winnowed, and does not fly away as the chaff does.

[13]

ĂNT′ERIN, adj. occasional, occurring at intervals.

ĂNT′INMAS, n. January 17, the same as Uphelli a'.

ÂNUN′DER, prep. under.

ÂPPLOWS′, n. approbation; v.p. to applaud.

ÂRG, adj. eager, fierce; v.a. to argue, to contend in argument.

ÂRG′ERI, n. a disorderly crowd.

ÂRG′OSI, n. anger, malice.

ĂRK, n. big chest for holding a meal; anything very big of its kind.

ĂR′RIS, n. the last weak movement of a tide--ebb or flood--before still water. The sharp corner of a square piece of wood.

ÂR′VI, n. chickweed (Alcine media).

ÂS, conj. than. "Du tinks at du's better as me, an I tink at A'm as gud as dee."

ĀSKU′T, adv. being barely perceptible over, or alongside of some intervening object. See skut.

ĀSUN′D, adv. in a fainting fit.

ĂT, rel. pron. that. "Dat at I wis tellin dee."

ĀTHIN′, prep. within.

ĀTHŪT′, prep. without.

ĂT′SET, n. commencement; the first of the flood tide.

ĂT′TIFER, n. attitude, demeanour, manner, "He has a queer attifer aboot 'm."

ĂT′TIFIELD, n. land which is delved the second time--the second year--after being ley.

ĂT′TIKAST, n. a poor, helpless person; a thing which fit only to be cast aside.

ĂT′TISLŪ, n. a drag attached to a harrow; the as slüi.

ĀTWEEN′, prep. between.

ĀVA′, adj. of all; at all; wholly, completely.

ĀW, v.p. owe; to be bound to pay.

ĀWA′, adv. away, abroad; v.p. to commence, "He's awa to rain again."

ĀWE, v.p. to overawe, to put in fear, "Riggi awes Sholmi."

AWHANT′, v.p. acquainted.

AWN, adj. owing, indebted to.

[14]

ĀWN′ER, n. one, besides others, who has the right of grazing in the common pasture.

ĀW′SOM, adj. calculated to inspire awe, fearful.

AYONT′, prep. beyond.

B.

BAA, n. an elevation of the sea-bottom so near the surface that the sea breaks on it with bad weather.

BAA, n. ball, any spherical body; a ball used in play; the palm of the hand; the protuberant part of the sole of the foot; the yolk of an egg; the pupil of the eye.

BAA, v.p. to sing a lullaby.

"Baalu, baalu, Beatti, Minni is grien to Seatti For ta pluck an for ta pu, An for ta gader lamb's u, An for ta buy a bull's skin Ta row piri John in."

BAAK, n. a beam; a square log of wood of indefinite length, and commonly about 6 in. in the cant. A beam lying across the house, above the fire, from which the links and crooks are suspended. See krukbaalk.

BAAK, n. the bolt-rope of a herring-net.

BÂD, n. a germant, an article of dress.

BADOUS, adj. useless.

BAERI, n. a boar, an entire swine.

BAF′FEL, n. a struggle, "We've hed a hard baffel again baeth wind an sea." v.a. to struggle.

BAF, n. a bath; a fomentation.

BAG, n. the paunch; the first stomach in ruminants.

BAG′GET, adj. corpulent.

BAGG′ERPLET′, v.p. in sewing, to plait or fold in an uneven, careless manner; in joinery, to double the point of a nail in a clumsy manner; to make a clumsy job; to bungle a thing. "He baggerplets da Queen's English."

BĀGI, n. the black-back gull--the swabbi maa.

BAIN, n. thick leather used for soles to shoes.

[15]

BAIRN′BUND′, adj. confined to the house on account of having to attend to a child.

BAIT, v.p. to drive away intruding animals by shouting, inciting a dog to chase them, or other suitable means.

BAJL, n. a clew of yarn, a hank of thread, a fishing line, or any similar thing so involved and compacted that it can with difficulty be unravelled.

BAJL, v.p. to pelt with balls; to throw stones or clods at a thing.

BAK′BÜIRD, n. the port side of a boat.

BAK′DRAW, n. the inhalation of the breath.

BAK′FÊAL′, n. a large sod set up against the backsten, between it and the fire.

BAK′FLAKK′I, n. a mat laid on a horse's back under the klibber.

BAK′FLAN′, n. a sudden gust of wind which, by mischance, strikes a boat's sail on the back side, i.e. the leeside, and so endangers the boat.

BAKK, n. the upright stone against which the fire stands.

BAK′LINS, adv. backwards; going with the back foremost.

BAK′LIST′, n. the heeling of a boat to the weather side in sailing.

BAK′STEN′, n. the upright stone against which the fire stands. See bakk.

BAL, n. a bullet.

BAL′DERDASH, n. nonsensical talk.

BAL′LAGE, n. ballast.

BALLISTEN′, n. a round sea-worn stone of such size as may be easily handled.

BALTI, n. a battle; contention; strife.

BAMBIRR′, n. a state of great hurry and agitation.

BAMBŪS′, n. a state of great uproar and confusion.

BĀND, n. the band by which a cow is tied to the veggel in the byre; the state of being stalled and fed, as cattle, "We hed twal head at da winter baand." Two or more things tied together, as fish for drying, "A baand a piltik." A timber in a boat; a confederacy; the band by which a kizhi or mezhi is carried; v.p. to string on a band, "Baand up da silliks."

[16]

BĂNGHS, n. the seashore; precipitous seashore; the place at the shore where boats land and are drawn up.

BANGSGRIP, n. a firm, determined, strong grip.

BANK, n. peat bank; the bank and ditch made by digging peats out of the ground.

BANKS′FLOOER′, n. thrift, sea-pink (Armeria maritima).

BANK′STERSHIP, n. compulsion.

BÂNI, n. serious injury; deadly wound.

BAN′STIKKEL, n. a little fish; the stickleback.

BÂR, n. the outside cut of a fish, such as the halibut, including the fin.

BAR′BER, n. a haze which rises from the surface of water with a very keen freezing.

BÂR′-CLAW′, n. a claw on a dog's hind leg additional to the usual number of claws.

BARD, n. a bold, high headland

BARD, n. a scolding woman.

BAR′DASO′GA, n. a very long time; a long time of waiting. "Hit'll be a bardasoga afore dis is dun."

BARFLJUG, n. to separate ears of corn from their stalks without crushing the straw, commonly done by striking against some prominent thing without using a flail.

BARK, n. the root of the tormental, used in tanning leather.

BARKET, adj. tanned or stained with bark.

BARK KLIPP, n. an iron hook in a wooden handle for digging roots of tormental out of the ground.

BARK-LEAF, n. the blade and blossom of tormental.

BÂRLOP′PIN, adj. mouldy, beginning to show signs of decay, as corn.

BĂRM, n. yeat; the froth of ale in fermentation.

BAR′MINSKIN, n. a tanned sheepskin for spreading over the knees when fishing with a handline.

BĂS, n. a bunch, a heap, "A graat bas of a fire."

BĂSH, v.p. to beat, to strike, to crush by striking.

BĂS′SEL, v.a. to struggle; n. a struggle.

BĂTT′I n. a batch; a quantity, a considerable quantity.

BĒAR′AL, n. a kizhi.

BĒARIN, v.a. drifting, as snow driven by the wind.

[17]

BĔAS, n. cattle--beasts; living creatures.

BED′SPREAD, n. a counterpane.

BEEK, v.p. to pat and stroke gently; to foment.

BEEST, n. the first milk taken from a cow after she has calved.

BEF, v.p. to foment, to mollify by bathing.

BEFRAM′, prep. beyond; farther to seaward.

BEG′GEL, v.p. to put out of shape; to distort.

BEGŪD′, v.a. began, p.t. of begin.

BEGŬGL′, v.p. to defile with gugs; to defile.

BEHAD′, v.a. behold, look at, "Just du behad dis."

BEHAD′DEN, adj. beholden, obligated. "Du's been weel behadden ta me."

BEHAD′DER, n. beholder, a looker on.

BEIN (two syllables), n. a person, commonly in commiseration or disparagement, "Puir bein;" "Wicked bein."

BEK, n. a brrok, a rivulet.

BEK, v.a. to curtsy.

BEK′KABUNG n. brooklime (Veronica beccabunga).

BEL′LIGET adj. gluttonous.

BELTIN, n. May 13, O.S.

BELTIN REE, n. a track of stormy weather that usually occurs about Beltin.

BEM, v.p. to make a wooden vessel tight by steeping it in water, or by letting water stand in it, so that the wood may swell and the seams become close.

BEN, n. bone; adj. made of bone, composed of bone.

BEN, adv. in the ben-end, towards the ben-end, "Set it ben." "Geng du ben."

BEND n. "to be upo bend," = to be ready for action.

BENDS, n. the complete furniture of a pack-horse.

BENDIN KLŪT, n. a cloth laid on a horse's back under the bakflakki.

BEN′-END′, n. the inner room in a cottage; the parlour as distinguished from the kitchen.

BEN′HŪS, n. the same as ben-end.

BENK, n. a bank, a bench; a seat built of sods, or of stones and sods, along the side wall of the room opposite to the fire.

[18]

BENKEL, v.p. to make into bends or hollows by striking or twisting; to dimple; to indent; to bilge; to corrugate.

BEN′IMAN, n. sea-name for a clergyman.

BEN′NEL, v.p. to bind; n. a band to bind with.

BEN′NIBITER, n. a dog.

BEN′NIGRINDS, n. the skeleton of an animal as it lies on the ground where the animal has died.

BEN′NI SUNDAY, n. the Sunday before Christmas.

BENS, n. a carcase; the body.

BENON′, prep. on the top of.

BEN′WARK, n. muscle pains, rheumatic pains.

BERDŪS′, n. a heavy blow.

BERG, n. a prominent, conspicuous rock.

BERG′FALL, n. a great fall, such f.i. as rocks falling from a cliff into the sea.

BERG SÊAT, n. the same as kraeg seat.

BÊRGÜL′TI, n. lit. rock swine, a fish--the black goby.

BĒRHOG, n. a sterile piece of ground.

BÊRKET, adj. having a crust on top, as stale oil, milk, etc.; covered all over with clouds, as the sky.

BERR′IHEDD′ER, n. crowberry (Empetrum nigrum).

BER′RISKIN n. a trencher, a wooden plate.

BER′SKET adj. having a bitter taste.

BERSUG′GET, adj. spotted; having various colours, as a sheep.

BÊS, v.p. to sew with temporary stitches to hold two parts together till the permanent seam is sewed.

BĒS′EL n. matted or tufted wool on a sheep.

BEST, adv. "to best"; saved; gained; reserved. "Whan aa wir debts wis paid dan we fan at we had nething ta best."

BET, n. a small sheaf of floss.

BETTER, adv. more; farther. "We gat better as a score." "Had better wast."

BE-ŪT′, adv. outside of; beyond; farther to seaward.

BICHT′ER n. a stone used as an anchor to long lines.

BID, n. when a hairen line, or toam, is made in pieces knotted together, each piece the natural length of the hair, each piece is a bid.

BID, n. an offer of a price at an auction sale.

[19]

BID′DABEL, adj. obedient.

BIDDI, n. a thick bannock.

BIDE, v.p. abide. To dwell: "Whar bides du?" to wait: "Bide till I come." v.a. to bear, to suffer, to endure: "I canna bide da cauld."

BIG, v.p. to build.

BIG, v.p. to make a nest preparatory to hatching, as a fowl.

BIGG, n. bere--a sort of corn.

BIG′GEN, n. a building; a house with all its appertaining outhouses; a cluster of houses; a hamlet.

BIG′GERABLAN′DA, n. bere and oats mixed and sown together. See blanda.

BIKK, n. a bitch.

BILE, n. a boil, a tumour.

BILGE KOD, n. a batten nailed on the bilge of a boat to strengthen it and to guard it from injury.

BILGET (g hard), n. in house-work, a wood brick; in ship-work, a little piece of wood applied as a bed or cushion for a bigger piece to rest on.

BILKI, n. the bust, the breast, "Gjaain wi di bare bilki."

BILL, n. the bubble-like ebullition made by the stroke of an oar in the water, which appears after the oar is lifted.

BÎND, v.p. to fasten with a band, to tie; p.t. band; p.p. bund.

BINDER, n. a woman's headdress--a broad silk band, or napkin, born around the head.

BING, n. a heap; a lump; a bump.

BIRK, n. the bark of a tree; birch-wood.

BIRLI BAAND, n. a string tied across the mouth of a kizhi to keep its contents from falling out.

BIRR, n. a low, whirring, chattering sound.

BIRR, n. a state of haste and excitement.

BIRSE, n. bristles; swine's hair.

BIR′SEL, v.p. to scorche or singe.

BIRSI, n. ekename for a swine; adj. having a very rough exterior, very shaggy; having an irritable, disagreeable temper.

BIR′STET, adj. harsh; having a bitter taste.

BIR′TIK, n. sea-name for fire.

BIRZ, v.a. to press.

[20]

BIS′MER, n. a steelyard made of wool.

BISPER, n. a sea-name for a mouse.

BIST, n. disposition; characteristic temper; idiocrasy.

BITTEL, n. an abnormal tooth; a deformed of very prominent tooth.

BITTER AKS, n. a flower--the dandelion (Taraxacum).

BJĀKI, adj. weakly; having little physical strength.

BJAN′TER, n. a spell of cold weather; a hard, dry, cold wind.

BJAR′TIN, n. a youth, a boy, a young lad.

BJEL′SET, adj. having a white ring around the nack, as a sheep.

BJEN′NER, n. sea-name for a dog.

BJES′NIK, n. sea-name for a buddi.

BJŌG, n. a horse-collar; a ring of twisted straw laid about the lip of a knokkin-sten to keep the corn from staring out when it is struck with the mell; a ring of a distinct colour around a stocking.

BJOGET, adj. having rings of a distinct colour, as a stocking.

BJŎRG, n. an extensive berg; sea-name for a castle, mansion-house, or any big house.

BJŎRG, n. a big wart, or any similar abnormal mark on the body.

BJUN′KEL, n. a lump, a hump, a protuberance.

BJUNK′LET, adj. having bjunkels; knotty.

BLAAND, n. a sort of drink made by blending buttermilk with boiling water.

BLAD, n. a weakly person; adj. bladi.

BLAE′BERRI, n. the wortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus).

BLAEG′ET, adj. having a tinge of red among white; having a mixed colour of red and white, as a sheep.

BLĀ′HO, n. a large sort of ho.

BLAND′A, n. bere and oats mixed and sown together.

BLANDA MEAL, n. meal made from bland.

BLATE, adj. shy, timid.

BLATT′ER, v.a. to shake, as a sail in the wind; to waver, as a flame exposed to a draught of air.

BLAWN, adj. dried in the wind, as fish.

BLED, n. a blade, a leaf; the part of an oar which enters the water in rowing; the web of a tool; "Da bled a da knife."

[21]

BLEDD′IK, n. buttermilk.

BLEG, n. a small wedge; v.p. to fix with a bleg.

BLĒGA, n. a sort of soft stone which is used as a dye, and gives a sort of buff colour.

BLEKK, n. shoe blacking.

BLEKKIN GIRSE, n. Yulgirse, from which a black dye is made. See Yulgirse.

BLEM, n. a blemish; a defect; a discolouration of the skin.

BLEMIK, n. a blain; a blister.

BLETT, n. a spot, a blot; a piece of ground of a distinct colour, as "green blett"; "a muldi blett."

BLETTED, adj. spotted.

BLIBE, n. a bubble.

BLÎND, n. a little light, a gleam of light, a moderate degree of light: "De'r no a blind idda kolli"; a little sleep, a short slumber: "A'm no gotten a blind da nicht."

BLÎND, adj. dark, obscure: "A blind window," "A blind moori"; v.p. to close: "Blind di een."

BLÎND HO, n. the ho tusk.

BLÎND LITT, n. a dye of a mixed or indiscriminate colour got from a soft white stone.

BLIKK′EN, v.p. to bleach, to make bleak: "Da taaties is blikkened wi da frost"; "he blikkened wi fear."

BLĬNK, v.a. to twinkle as a star, or as the eye; to compare two objects with regard to their relative position, size, etc., by bringing them both at the same time in line with the range of the eye; v.p. to strike a light: "blink da colli"; n. a glimpse: "Da first blink a daylight"; a nap: "I got no a blink dastreen."

BLISS, n. a spot.

BLISS′ET, adj. having a white streak down the forehead, as a horse.

BLÔD′DA, n. sea-name for bilgewater.

BLŌ′GABEN, n. the lugben of a fish. See lugben.

BLÔGGA, n. marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), a yellow flower which grows in meadows and from which a yellow dye is extracted.

[22]

BLOOM, n. the efflorescense on the outside of thoroughly dried fish, i.e. beach-dried fish.

BLOT, n. the water used for one washing: "first blot," "second blot."

BLOTS, n. suds.

BLÛB, n. a jelly-fish.

BLÜD, n. blood.

BLÜD, n. family relationship: "Dey'r blud friends"; that which is bled: "We're no seen a blud da day"; p.p. "We're no bled a life da day."

BLUDFAS′TIN, adj. absolute fasting, having eaten nothing during the present day.

BLUDSPRING′, adv. in great haste: "He set aff bludspring."

BLŪFINSKET, adj. affected with a blueish mould which grows on things kept in a damp place.

BLŪ LITT, n. indigo dye.

BLŪMELT′, n. a discolouration of the skin caused by a stroke which bruises the blood but does not break the skin; p.t. and adj. blumeltet.

BLŪNILD′, adj. the same as blufinsket.

BLŪRA, n. secrecy. "In blura," in reserve, in prospect, waiting development. "To keep in blura," to keep in mind. "In blura," in connivance with another for the purpose of carrying out some mutually concocted project.

BLŬSTER, n. the lower stratum of peatmoor next to the subsoil.

BLŪV, v.a. to die; p.t. bluved.

BŌ, n. a term of familiar address to a man, especially an old man.

BOAT'S DRAW, n. the place where a boat stands when drawn up: the place which the owner of a boat claims and uses as a stance for his boat.

BÔD, n. the jumping motion of waves near the shore; the onward motion of waves; the threatening movement of the sea on a baa when it swells and falls away again without breaking. Shore-bod, under-bod, efter-bod.

BÔD, n. a bidding; an offer of a price at an auction sale.

BOD, v.p. to proffer, to proffer urgently, to offer acceptance with solicitation: "I'm no boddin upo dee"; "shu boddet it upo me."

[23]

BŌD′ABID, adv. to "go bodabid": two or more boats cast their fish together and devide the price equally at the time of settlement.

BODD′AM, n. bottom, the sea-bottom; v.a. "To boddam," to touch the bottom; origin: "Dey could never get ta da boddam a dat story."

BŌD′EN, v.a. provided with; possessed of: "Is du weel boden a da penga."

BŌDI, n. body, the whole frame of a man or animal; a compact mass.

BÔDDI, n. a person, an individual: "Puir boddi."

BÔDLET, adj. round, lumpish, as f.i. a round stone.

BŎFFI, n. a bed.

BÔG, v.a. cf. bok and bukk.

BŌGLE DAY, n. March 17, O.S.

BÔGSHAK′KEI, v.p. to bind both the forelegs together. This is done in trying to tame a wild horse.

BŌHON′HIN, n. sea-name for a mouse.

BŎK, v.a. to make an ineffectual effort to vomit; the sound made by such an effort.

BŌKI, n. a bogey, a goblin.

BŌKIBLIND, n. the game of blindman's buff.

BŌL, n. a peat stack or peat ruig; a blazing fire; a dense cloud of smoke; the bowed or bulged part of a thing, as f.i. the bol of a mezhi.

BÔLGA, n. inflammation of the throat, as in sheep.

BŎLS′PRINT, n. bowsprit.

BŎLTISTEN, n. a sinker to long lines.

BÔN′ABAG, n. leanness; poverty; miserable appearance.

BÔN′FROST′, n. a very hard frost.

BÔNHO′GA, n. birthplace; childhood's home.

BONN, n. a bairn, a child.

BÔN′SPELL, n. a state of great haste: "He cam upon a bonspell."

BÔNS′VAM, n. sickness accompanying pregnancy.

BŌRAL, n. a boring tool such as a gimlet or auger.

BŌRDS, n. the ornamental scalloped border of a mutch.

[24]

BORE, n. a throughgoing hole, a hole made by a boring tool; a small opening, a chink: "Da snaw comes in tru every bore." Strud bore; wumbel bore.

BORROWIN-DAYS, n. the last three days of March. March borrows these three days from April.

BŌS, n. the decorations of a woman's cap or bonnet.

BÔSS, adj. hollow, vacuous, empty, as f.i. a globe made of tin.

BÔST, n. a spell of bad weather of short duration.

BOW, n. a buoy.

BOW′KIT′, n. a wooden buoy made with staves and hoops; a little keg used as a buoy.

BRAED, v.p. to melt.

BRAIK, n. a place where the ground is much broken.

BRAK, n. a breach; a fracture; the breaking of the sea on a rocky shore; v.p. to break; p.t. brūk, p.p. brokken.

BRAK UT, v.p. to cultivate fallow ground; to cultivate ground which has not been cultivated before.

BRAKWAST, n. breakfast, the first meal of the day.

BRÂN, n. the calf of the leg.

BRÂN, n. "upoda bran"--on watch, on the look-out.

BRĀNDER, n. a cross rail in a framed structure, such as the level rail in a wooden partition.

BRĀNDET, adj. striped, brindled.

BRĀND IRON, n. a gridiron.

BRAT, n. an apron.

BRAT′WAR, n. broken seaweed scattered on the shore.

BRASH, n. a slight attack of sickness.

BRED, adj. broad.

BREDNESS, n. breadth, width.

BREEDS, n. the the pleura, the membrance that invests the lungs.

BREEKBĀND′, n. the waistband of the trousers; v.p. in wrestling, to lay hold by gripping the waistband of the trousers: "I breekbandet him."

BREEK′BRIDDER, n. when two mean are courting the same woman, each of them is breekbridder to the other.

BREEKS, n. breeches.

BREG, v.p. to twine or plait in a peculiar manner by crossing two strands and two strands alternately.

[25]

BREGDI, n. a sea monster which has a habit of chasing boats at sea. When he overtakes a boat, he entwines his long fins about it, laying them up over the gunwales, and dives with the boat in his embrace. To prevent this catastrophe, take the skuni and slash the fins as soon as they appear on the tops of the gunwales, when he will at once let go and scuttle of. He does not like cold steel.

BREGGET, adj. striped; variegated; speckled.

BREN′NA, n. sea-name for fire.

BRAN′NA-STJUCH, n. the fume which rises from the sea as it breaks on a rocky shore.

BREN′NIK, n. parhelion, a mock sun.

BRETSH, n. the breaking of waves on a rocky shore. See brak.

BRI, v.p. sharpen; make bright: "bri da skūni" = sharpen the knife.

BRIDDER, n. brother; a word of familiar address, "Yea, my bridder, dat it truly is."

BRIEDER, n. brothers.

BRIEDREN, n. brethren.

BRIER, n. growing corn in the blade before it puts forth the ear.

BRIGG, n. bridge.

BRIGG′ISTENS, n. the causeyed footpath in front of a house.

BRILL, n. sea-name for a skin buoy.

BRIMBURT′ENED, v.p., p.p., and adj. deprived, taken away: "Da wolhard was fairly brimburtened" = the fish had been taken up.

BRIME, n. sea-spray; smoke like haze: "A windy brime"; "A snawy brime."

BRIMFUS′TER, n. sea-froth.

BRIM′SKUD, n. the vapoury, smoke-like haze which rises from the shore-bretsh.

BRIM′TUD, n. the sound of the sea breaking on the shore.

BRIND, v.p. to administer a drink to an animal: "Brind da calf."

BRIN′DIN, v.a. rutting, as an animal.

BRING UP, v.a. to rear, to nurture; to train, to educate: "A ill-brocht up nakket."

BRING UT, v.a. to hatch, to produce young, as a fowl.

[26]

BRIS′MIK, n. a young tusk.

BRISS, n. a breach: "Nedder briss or brak."

BRŌ, n. a frothy white substance on mossy ground which sickens animals that eat it.

BRŌ, n. the liver of the halibut.

BRŎCH, n. a Pict's castle.

BRŎCHEN, n. thin gruel, a drink made by diluting meal with boiling water.

BRÔD, n. a board; the lid of a kettle, commonly made of wood; adj. broad.

BRÔD, n. a brood goose; a goose that has goslings.

BRÔD, v.a. to come in sight; to be barely perceptible: "Da fish brods idda skrüf."

BRŌG, n. a hoax.

BRŌG, n. a brad-awl.

BRŌ′MIK, n. a fat person, or animal; a strong, well-fed animal.

BRŎNGET, adj. dark-coloured with light breast, or light-coloured with dark breast, as a sheep.

BRŎNG′GI, n. the great cormorant (Pellicanus carbo).

BROW′DEN, adj. forward, presumptuous, bold.

BRŪ, n. brow.

BRÜ, n. the water in which any kind of food has been boiled: "Taati brü"; "Mutton brü."

BRUG, n. a stump of earth standing with the sward intact in a place where the ground has been broken by the continued action of the weather.

BRŪI, n. a word of familiar address = brother.

BRÜID, n. breach. "To brak da bruid" = to be the first to walk through new-fallen snow.

BRÜIL, v.a. to low as a cow; to bray as an ass.

BRÜJLI, n. a broil, a noisy quarrel.

BRŪK, n. seaweed broken off from the rocks where it grew and heaped up on the shore by the force of the waves; a heap of broken seaweed.

BRŬKK, n. refuse: "A lok a brukk."

BRŬKKEL, v.p. to crush, to crumple; n. a state of disintegration; in a crushed state; an interruption, or unsatisfactory ending, to a project or enterprise: "I kent at de wid come a brukkel intil it."

[27]

BRUKLI, adj. friable.

BRŬKS, n. fragments; remnants; remains of anything broken: "Da bruks av a aald boat;"

BRŬMP′LIK, n. a name of the swarfish.

BRÜNI, n. a thick bannock.

BRŪNKI, n. a brown horse.

BRŬNT, v.a., p.t. and p.p. of burn.

BRÜSKI, n. gristle, cartilage.

BRÜST, n. the breast; the organs of respiration, "Hit's gud for da brust."

BRŬST, n. the first subsidence of the water at the shore at the beginning of the ebb tide; v.a. to brust.

BRÜTIFI, v.p. to defile; to make very dirty.

BRŬTSH, v.p. to crush; to break small.

BÜ, v.a. 1st, 2nd and 3rd person sing. or plu., future tense, subjun. mood, be; having a certain quality or state, "If I bu," If ye bu," "If dey bu."

BÜS, v.a. 2nd and 3rd person, sing. number, future tense, subjun. mood. "If du bus," "If he bus."

BÜ, n. a human habitation; a dwelling-house; a manor house.

BŪ, n. a spell of weather; a steady continuance of weather of any kind, good or bad. "He's set in a bu frae da est."

BŪ, n. bow; a bow in salutation; the bow of a ship; the shoulder of a horse: v.p. to bend; to subdue.

BŪ, n. a cow, i.e., a being; a living creature.

BŬCHT, n. an incurvate bend, as "da bucht a da airm;" a coil of fishing line in one length--about fifty fathoms.

BUD = Burd, n. a word of familiar address, "My bud."

BÜDDI or BJÜDI, n. a basket of a bulged shape made of straw or dokkens, with a band adapted to being carried on the shoulder. A mill buddi is made of straw and is carried on the back; a fish buddi is made of dokkens and is carried on the shoulder.

BŪFF, n. a dull-sounding blow, such as is made by a football being struck.

BŬFF, n. silly talk; irrelevant speech.

BŪFFEL, v.p. to beat; to beat with repeated blows.

[28]

BUG′DALIN, n. lins, or anything equally suitable, laid in the bottom of a boat to raise the cargo above the bilge water; anything put in to fill up; any temporary appliance or appendage; needless or impertinent talk, "Boy, du's spekkin bugdalin."

BUGGI, n. a bag made of tanned and aamed sheepskin.

BUG′GIBIN′DER, n. a niggardly person who grudges his household their rations.

BUGGIFLAY′, v.p. to flay an animal without ripping the skin.

BUGGIFLOOER, n. sea campion (Silene maritima).

BUGGL-DAY, n. March 17, O.S.

BŪHAJL′LEN, n. a cow, lit. "a beast with a tail."

BŪHEL′LI, n. the fifth day before Christmas.

BÜID, n. a house near the banghs for storing goods such as fish, oil, boat's gear, etc.

BŪIRBLAW′ER, n. an importunate, smooth-tongued beggar.

BUJLAMENTS, n. odds and ends of every kind; trumpery.

BUJNHO′GA, n. see Bonhoga.

BŪK, n. bulk; v.p. to make increase of bulk. "Hit buks up."

BŬKK, v.a. to bubble or bob up, as water seeking to escape from confinement.

BJŬK, n. book.

BUKKEL, v.a. to be entangled in anything that hinders the free action of the body, "Da ku is bukkled intil her tedder"; v.p. to wrap up clumsily, "O, just bukkel hit up ony wy."

BŬKS, v.a. to walk with difficulty as if walking through water. "Gjaain buksin tru da snaw."

BŪLBAK, n. to "tak bulbak"--to take the upper hand.

BÛLDER, v.a. to bubble as boiling water; to speak in a gobbling manner.

BŪLIK, n. a pimple on the edge of the eyelid; a watery pimple.

BŪLL, n. the bow by which a kettle is lifted and suspended; any similar bow.

BŪLL, v.a. to play on the surface of the water by bending the tail in diving as silliks do.

BULL, n. an oil measure, equal to four kans.

[29]

BÜLL, n. a beast's lair; a bed; a place of rest or retirement; v.a. to go to bed, to lie down to rest; v.p. to put animals to their place of rest overnight.

BŬLLIER, n. a pugilist.

BŬLT, v.a. and p. to butt; to strike with the head. "A bultin bull."

BÛLWAA′VER, v.a. to wander away; to wander idly or aimlessly.

BŬLWAND, n. mugwort (Artimisia vulgaris).

BÛM, n. the buttock.

BUMBEL, v.a. to flounder in water; to speak in an accurate and disconnected way, as a child.

BUMMER, n. a bulky thing; a thing big and strong of its kind.

BUMMI, n. a stupid fellow.

BÜNA, v.a. be not, "If I buna gien whan du comes."

BŪNAVA′RA, adv. unawares; by chance; peradventure; without being forewarned.

BÛND, n. a bundle; "A bund a girds;" a confederacy; "Da German bund."

BŪND, n. bound, limit, boundary; restraint, "His conduct is past aa bunds."

BŪNDSFOLK, n. peasantry.

BŪNDSMAN, n. a landsman as distinguished from a seaman.

BUNG, n. a sounding blow.

BUNGEL, n. a clod used as a missile to pelt with; v.p. to pelt with bungles.

BÜNHUS, n. a house of prayer, a kirk.

BUNK, BUNKER, n. a fixed seat along the side of a room with a locker under it; a box with a hinged lid for holding meal, etc.

BUNKS, n. a bunch.

BUNKSET, adj. bunchlike; thick and clumsy.

BUR, n. the piece of leather that lies in the front of a shoe under the lace.

BURBENK, n. a bank built against a failing wall to protect and strengthen it; a fillet of cement around the base of a chimney can; any similar appliance.

[30]

BÛRD, n. a nestling; the young of any fowl; a young seal not weaned.

BŪRDLI, adv. robust, strong.

BÜREP, n. buoy rope.

BŬRRA, n. heath rush (Juncus squarrosus).

BURRET, adj. having white around the tail, as a sheep.

BURSEN, v.a., p.p. of burst, and adj.; breathless from overexertion.

BURSTEN, n. meal made from corn which had been dried in a kettle over the fire instead of being dried in a kiln.

BURT, v.p. to make a fire bright by stirring it up; to make a kolli burn brighter by picking up the wick.

BURTER, n. a pin tied to a kolli and used for picking up the wick and picking off the snuff.

BŪS, v.a. to work with a will; to work with energy.

BŪSHI, interj. a call to a cow.

BŬSK, n. the beard of a hook in a fishing fly; a bushy bunch; a cluster; v.p. to put the busk on a hook, "To busk a flee"; to dress, to decorate.

BUSKS, n. the bushy ornaments--ribbons, etc.--of a woman's cap or bonnet.

BÛSLIN PIN, n. the fiespin of the shü of a water mill.

BŪSOM, adj. buxom; lively; vigorous.

BŬSS, n. the bedding of a bird's nest; the bedding of a byre or sty; v.a. to rummage among buss.

BUSSIG′GET, adj. having the shoulder joints stiff and swollen, as a horse.

BÜST, n. a wodded box of peculiar make.

BÜST, v.a., p.t., 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person sing. or plu., had to; was compelled to.

BŪSTER, n. a bolster; a little anvil used by mechanics; v.p. to pad; to stuff with some soft substance; to support with a bolster.

BÜT, v.a. the same as bust, had to; was compelled.

BŪT, v.a. to pop up from under water; to rise to the surface as seafowl do.

BÛZZEL, n. hustle; hurry, stir, tumult.

[31]

D.

DA, definite article, the.

DĀ, v.a. to experience, "He never da'd a gud day frae syne."

DĀĀ, n. father.

DAAL, n. a dale; a valley.

DAAL′AMIST, n. mist which gathers in valleys overnight and is exhaled when the sun rises.

DAALESS, adj. indolent, improvident.

DAANDER, v.a. to saunter; to wander in an absent manner.

DAA-NETTLE, n. the dead nettle (Laminum).

DAB, n. an adept.

DACHEN, v.a. to lull, to abate, as the wind.

DAD, n. an unshapely lump; a clumsy stroke; a blow; a fall. "Hit fell wi' a dad"; "He gae me a dad atween da shuders"; v.p. throw down a thing hastily, "He daddet it doon."

DAD, v.a. to plod; to trudge; to drudge.

DADDERI, n. drudgery.

DADDET, adj. depressed by excessive drudgery. "A püir daddet boddi."

DAFFIK, n. a water pail with a cross handle.

DAG, n. a woollen mitten worn by fisherman to save the hand from the friction of the oar or line; thick mist, small rain, drizzle.

DAG, n. day.

DAGALI, adj. tedious, tiresome; heavy to work.

DAGALIEN, n. the evening twilight.

DAGGEN, n. a clumsy lump of wood, flesh, etc.

DAGRI, n. dawn of day.

DAMISED, adj. inept, inert, inactive, stupified; v.p. to bewilder, to confuse.

DEMNIFI, v.p. to damage irremediably.

DAMP, n. the end of a line; the end of a line where the line has been broken.

DAMPI, interj. the end! here is the end!

DAN, adv. then, at that time; other, else. "What dan."

[32]

DANDI, v.p. to move the line up and down in the water so as to hook the fish when it approaches the bait.

DANDI LINE, n. a line made for dandying.

DARG, n. a big piece; a liberal portion; ironically a thing of little value, a contemptible thing.

DARR, v.p. to poke and chop the fire in a careless way. "Du's darrin ut da fire."

DART, v.a. to strike the foot forcibly on the ground as an expression of anger. "I darted mi fit at'm."

DAT, dem. pron. that. "Dat at I wis tellin dee aboot."

DĒ, adv. there. "De wir." = there were, or there was.

DĒ, adv. (or pron.(?) See I. Kings xxii 1).

DEADTRAA, n. "In the deadtraa" = in the throes of death, as a fish, fowl, or any animal--the word is never used in speaking of a human being.

DEAD MAN'S MITTEN, n. blue gentian (Gentiana campestris).

DĒAV, v.p. to make deaf; to cause deafness by great noise.

DEE, pron. thee, objective of thou.

DEE, pron. thou. "Dee an me"; "As weel as dee." Ezek. xxi. 16.

DEDZJAS′KET, adj. fatigued, very tired; outworn with excessive labour of body or mind.

DEED, adv. indeed, in fact, in reality.

DEEN, v.p. to suit, to fit, to be applicabe. "Fu dus dis hat deen me."

DEENEN, n. sufficiency, satisfaction, as of food.

DEER, v.p. to impress; to affect. "Na, I needna spek for aa at I can say hit never deers upo dee."

DĒ IR = there are. De'll be = there will be.

DEL, v.a. to delve, to turn over the ground with a spade.

DELF, n. fresh earth brought in to make up the waste of arable land, or to mix with dung for manure.

DELF, n. earth delved and carried in to make a compost with dung for manure, or for bedding in a byre.

DEM, pron. them.

DEMBEL, v.a. to fill a vessel by plunging it into water; to fill a vessel by immersing it, to pour out the contents, and thus to cause agitation and effervescence in the water.

[33]

DEMLANES′, pron. they alone without company.

DEMSEL′S, pron. themselves.

DENK, DENKI, n. a hollow; a small hollow in the ground.

DEPU′PERET, adj. decrepit.

DÊR, possessive pron. their, belonging to them.

DERANGED, adj. disordered in mind, mad.

DERISION, n. a ridicolous thing; a thing fit to be derided. "Susdu whatn a derision av a bonnet Meggi is gotten on."

DERL, n. the tail of a sheep.

DERN AIN, pron. their own.

DÊRS, pron. possessive of they.

DESKET, adj. dazed, inactive, stupid, dull, as a person.

DESS, n. a haystack flat on the top as distinguished from a kol, which is conical; a pew in a kirk.

DEVAAL′, n. declivity; a falling away from the level, as in the landscape.

DĒY, pron. they.

DEY, n. (pronounced dae'ee, one syllable), grandfather--a word of respect to an old man.

DIAKEL, n. a little compass; a boat's compass.

DIBE, v.a. to plod, to drudge, to work assiduously.

DIBET′LESS, adj. feeble, infirm; incapable of performing ununsual duties through bad health or old age.

DICHT, v.p. to clean, to make tidy; to gut and prepare fish for cooking.

DILL, v.a. to hang loose, swaying and shaking; to loiter.

DIL′LIDAL′LI, v.a. to loiter, to delay; to act in an irresolut manner.

DILSE, n. an edible seaweed.

DIM, n. the summer night between dayset and daybreak--at midsummer, between 11 o'clock P.M. and 1 o'clock P.M.; figuratively, a long time; a time of anxious waiting or expectancy. "Du's been dee a dim aboot it."

DIMMIK, n. money.

DIN-AIN, pron. thine own (pronounced deen ain).

DINE, pron. thine.

DINES, pron. the same as dine.

[34]

DING, v.p. to push suddelny and forcibly; to displace or overturn by shoving; p.t. dang; p.p. dung.

DINK, v.a. to deck; to adorn the person; to dress in a tidy manner.

DINTEL, n. thin sole leather; leather that has been tanned but not curried.

DIP, v.a. to sit down. "Lass, can du no dip dee." A candle made by dipping.

DIPPEL, v.p. to plant potatoes, or some other vegetable, by making a dimple in the earth with a dippelling tree, putting in the seed and covering it with mould.

DIPPELLIN TREE, n. a stick with a cross handle for dippelling.

DIPSI, n. a leadsten with a cross pap.

DIRL, v.a. hang loose and shaky; v.p. to shove or strike so as cause a quick vibrating motion; n. a state of great hurry. "He cam in wi a dirl."

DIS, pron. this.

DIVVET, n. a lumpish, unshapely piece of earth cut out with a spade; a thick, clumsy piece of flesh, etc.

DIVVISH, v.p. to deck; to set in order; to prepare food for the table; to arrange; to finish properly, as a piece of work.

DJŪK, n. a duck.

DOCHTER, n. daughter.

DOIT, n. a small coin; the smallest coin, = ½ farthing.

DOITIN, v.a. suffering from the infirmities of old age; doting.

DOGER, n. doubt; hesitancy. "He was in a doger aboot it."

DOKKEN, n. a weed--the dock.

DOLDRUMS, n. sulks; a state of sullen silence.

DOMRA, n. obscuration of the sky by haze. A fine imposed by a court of law.

DOON′FA KLOK, n. a sort of winged beetle found in moory ground.

DOON′LAY, n. a fall of snow.

DOON′SET, n. a tiresome or unprofitable length of time occupied in work. "Hit's just a doonset a time."

DOON′SITTEN, n. a domicile; a situation; a settlement.

DOON′TAK, n. anything that tends to take down one's dignity.

DOON′TÜM, n. a downpour of rain.

[35]

DORE, v.p. to make deaf with noise.

DOR′PELT, adj. spotted, speckled.

DORRO, n. a small hand-line; v.a. to fish in shallow water with a line or rod with a light sinker.

DOVEN, n. a confused noise.

DOVEN′D, adj. benumbedm stiffened, as a person; having lost its essential sap and become spongy, as a frosted turnip.

DOVER, v.a. to sleep lightly; to be half-asleep.

DOVER, v.a. to wander in a hesitating manner as if in doubt or bewilderment.

DOWED, adj. faded, as a fallen leaf; withered, as mown grass; stale, as fish kept without salt.

DOWI, adj. lamentable, deplorable, pitiable; dreary.

DRAAV, n. the same a graav.

DRAM, n. the same as kaddel.

DRANG, v.p. to draw very tight in tying a knot; to seize very tight in binding.

DRATSI, n. an otter.

DRAW, n. the halyard of a boat's sail. "Boat's draw," the particular part of the banghs where a boat has a right, or is used to stand. v.p. "to draw a boat," to drag a boat up or down over a beach; "to draw fish," to catch fish with a line or rod, to take fish out of the pickle preparatory to washing and drying; "to draw frae," to haul in as much line, after the lead has touched the bottom, as shall allow the hooks to clear the bottom; "to draw strae," take a handful of straw, and with a hand gripping each end, haul it asunder lengthwise over and over again till all the loose straws fall away.

DRAW′BELLI, n. an open space between the keel and the band of a boat to leat the water run along freely.

DRAW′WAL, n. a continuation of the keeldracht of a boat a certain distance up over the stem.

DREG, n. a dredge; v.p. to use a dredge, especially to grapple shell-fish at the sea-bottom.

DRIBBET, n. a driblet; a small quantity.

DRICH, adj. tiresome and heavy to work, "A drich job"; long and tedious, "Ye've hed a drich time o't."

DRING′TAIL, n. the otter.

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DRITTEN, adj. very contemptible, as a person; very obnoxious, as any offensive thing.

DROINE, v.a. to drone; to make a low humming sound, like a bee.

DRONJER, n. sea name for a cow.

DROOK, v.p. to drench; to we thoroughly; p.t. drooket.

DROOKLED, adj. drenched.

DRŪ, n. a seaweed which grows to a great length (Zostera marina).

DRUILLIN, n. the coalfish within a year of attaining its full growth.

DRUKKEN, adj. given to excessive drinking; resulting from intoxication.

DRULT, n. a very clumsy person or thing.

DRŪRI, n. blood; shed blood; flowing blood. "I'll draw di druri."

DRŪSEL, v.p. to dash salt over new landed herring, as they are laid in the farlen, to help keep them fresh while they are being gutted.

DRUTTEL, n. a very thin kirn milk.

DÜ, n. activity, ability, energy. "Der ne du intil him."

DŪ, pron., 2nd pers. sing., thou.

DŪ, v.p. to say du instead of you in addressing a person. "He wid no du a dog."

DÜ, v.a. and p. do.

DUB, n. a very deep bog or mire.

DUDDER, v.a. to flap and shake, as a sail in the wind.

DUFF, adj. dull, numb, blunt, not sharp, not acute.

DUFFEL, n. a coarse kind of cloth.

DUJLLIK, n. water leaked into a boat.

DŪK, v.a. to dive.

DUKKER, n. a firmness of texture, lasting quality, as cloth; stamina, power of endurance, as a person.

DUKKI, n. a doll.

DÜ′LESS, adj. indolent, improvident.

DÛLHOIT, n. a state of lassitude in which the person affected feels unable to work or perform usual duties; and which uncharitable folk attribute to laziness, but which more considerate folk attribute to disordered nerves.

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DULK, n. a worsted nightcap.

DUMBA, n. the refuse of corn which has been dried on a kiln, separated from the grain by fljūgin.

DUMBET, adj. dim, lustreless; having lost its original brightness.

DÛN, n. very fine dust; a small particle of any granular stuff, such as meal, tea, etc.

DŪN, n. down; the soft under feathers of a fowl.

DÜNA, v.a. do not.

DUNDER, n. a loud noise; v.a. to make a loud noise.

DUNGL or DUNGLI, n. a lump, a clod; a lump of dough; a bruni before it is toasted.

DUNKER, n. fog, fine rain.

DUNT, n. a blow; a fall; a sounding stroke.

DUNTER, n. the eider duck.

DŪP, n. the bottom part of a thing, as the dup of a pocket; the remainder, as the dup of a candle; the remaining part of a potato from which sets have been cut; the backside.

DŪS, n. a blow, a fall; v.p. to strike, to thrash, to knock down; to lower, as a sail; to extinguish, as a light: "Dus da glim."

DŬST, n. a fight, a pugilistic encounter; v.p. to strike.

DŬST, n. a small quantity any granular or powdery stuff. "A dust a meal."

DWAM, n. a nap, a short sleep, slumber.

DWARG, n. the same as darg.

DWARS, adv. across, crosswise.

DWIGHT, n. (pronounce dwaait) a little, poor, insignificant person or animal.

DWINE, v.a. to pine; to dwindle, to shrink, to grow smaller; to deteriorate. An imprecation: "Dat be dwined!"

DY, n. the swell of the sea.

DY, pron. thy.

DYFER, v.a. to flatten the head of a nail before driving it.

DZJŬB, n. anything very deep, such as a bog, valley, or a deep part of the sea.

DZJŪIR, n. animal, beast, creature. "I hae no a dzjuir upo mi acht." "Weel, du's a bunny dzjur."

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E.

E adj. (pro. ee' or ae) one. "E day afore da voar."

EAN, n. (pro. een' or ane) one, a single thing. "Dat sam ean."

EANS, n. plural of ean. "Ir ye lippenin da Skallawa eans in da day."

ĒART, n. the eart, the world; mould as distinguished from rock.

ĒART BARK, n. the roots of tormentil (Potentilla sylvestris), used in tanning leather.

ĒART BLEKK, n. a black earth found in mossy soil, used as a dye and as a paint.

ĒART-FAST, adj. fixed in the ground. "A ēart-fast sten."

ÊBB, n. that part of the sea-bottom, near the shore, which is exposed to view twice every day by the recession of the lunar wave; that part of the sea-bottom which is visible at low water; the foreshore.

EBB BAIT, n. shellfish procured in the ebb, and used as bait.

EBB-MIDDER, n. the last of the ebb tide--in the Yellsunds.

EBBSLEEPER, n. the dunlin (Tringa variabilis).

EBBSNIPPIK, n. the same as ebbsleeper.

EBBSTEN, n. a stone lying in the ebb, or a stone taken out of the ebb.

EBB TIDE, n. the current that runs in a certain direction during the time of the ebb, as distinguished from the flood tide, which runs in an opposite direction.

ĒBERSIAN′D, n. the name of the character &.

ĒDER, n. venom, poison.

EDERCAP (lit. poison cup), n. a spider; any venemous creature.

EDERSPITTLE, n. the same a bro.

EDDER, conj. either, the one or the other. "Deer dee or me."

EDDEREN, adv. either. "I widna du it edderen."

EE, n. eye, the organ of sight; anything resembling an eye. "Da ee a da mill."

EE′BRIER′, n. the eyelash.

EEGRIP, n. the grummet on the side of a kizhi to which the band is attached, one on each side.

EELA, n. the condition of fishing with a rod from a boat anchored in shallow water near the land.

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EELASTEN, n. a stone used for an anchor at the eela.

EE′LIST, n. secret antipathy.

EEL'S KREESH, n. the intestinal fat of an eel melted and used as an emollient and as lubricant.

EELTOWS, n., long lines set to catch eels.

EEN, n. plural of ee.

E'EN, n. evening; the day before a day of note, "Yul e'en."

E'ENEN, n. evening.

E′ENNU, n. the present time, now; adv. at the present time, immediately; conj. for instance, things being so, "Ljuk eennu at da Hus a Lords."

EER, v.a. to scream in a fearful manner, as a swine in pain.

EE′WHARM′, n. the edge of the eyelid.

EFT, adv. towards the stern, near the stern, "Gang an set dee eft"; adj. belonging to eft, "Da eft taft."

EFTER, adj. belonging to eft, situated eft, "Da efter skuttal."

EFTER, prep. or adv. after.

EFTERHEND′, adv. afterwards.

EF′TERKLAPS, n. result; consequent effect of conduct.

EFTERNÜN′, n. a meal partaken in the afternoon between dinner and supper.

ĒID, n. an isthmus, a strip of land between two waters; a sandbank cast up by the sea across the head of a wik having a lagoon inside of it.

EKELGIRS, n. butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris).

EKEN, adj. lean, meagre.

EKSBEN, n. the thight bone of a slaughtered animal.

EKSIS GIRSE, n. the dandelion (Taraxacum).

ELBUG, n. the elbow.

ELD, n. fire.

ELDERIN, adj. elderly.

ELLISHEN, n. a shoemaker's crooked awl.

ELSK, v.p. to love.

ELT, v.p. to knead; to finger; to injure by careless handling.

EMBER GÜS, n. a large swimming-fowl, otherwise called the immer.

EMMERS, n. embers; the smouldering remains of a fire.

EMSKET, adj. having a nondescript colour, sort of blueish-grey.

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END, n. breath, respiration, "A'm lost mi end; wait till A get mi end again."

END′DRACHT, n. purpose, intention; the object one has in view in persuing a particular course.

ENDÜ′MOUS, adj. tremendous, enormous, extraordinary.

ENFEFT′, v.p. bespoken, bargained before hand. See feft.

ENK, n. a thing owned in name only, as f.i. a lamb given to a child to be called his, while it must be managed by the donor. "A'm gjaan ta gie dee dis piri lamb to be upo dy enk." "Hit wis no mukkel wirt, but hit wis still a enk."

ENT, v.a. the same as ant.

ÊR, adv. before, until, "Wait er I come."

ĒRE, adv. before.

ĒRE DESTREEN, n. the night before last night.

ĒRE FAIRN YEAR, n. the year before last year.

ĒRE OY, n. a great-grandchild.

ĒREST, n. "for da erest," in the meantime, for the present occasion.

ĒRIN, n. the white-tailed eagle (Aquila albicilla).

ÊRT, n. the direction of a supposed line from any point in the heavens to the beholder, "I da ert"; situated on a supposed line between the beholder and the horizon; the point whence the wind blows; a point of the heavens as delineated on the mariner's compass.

ÊRT, v.a. to contend with; to argue in a captious manner; to strive after; to try to obtain.

ESS, n. ashes.

ESSI, adj. defiled with ess; used for holding ess.

ES′SIBAK′KET, n. a box for holding ashes.

ESSĬMIDDEN, n. a dunghill where ashes are deposited.

ES′SIPAT′TEL, n. a little pig, which lying near the fire for warmth, and being disturbed, patters among the ashes running across the hearth.

EST, n. east; adj. proceeding from the east, "A est wind"; adv. towards the east, "Whan cam du est."; "Set it farder est."

ESTEN, n. the eastern part of a district.

ESTER, v.a. to shift towards the east, as the wind; adj. lying towards the east, situated in th east.

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ESTKJUNTRIES, n. countries lying eastward of the Baltic sea.

ET, n. eagerness, vehemence; a state of impatience.

ET, v.a. to eat; p.t. üt; p.p. etten.

ETRASWAD, n. the same as ammerswak.

ETTER FRŌD, n. the same a bro.

ET′TERKAP (lit. poison cup), n. a spider; any venomous creature; a contentious, spiteful person.

ETTERSOM, adj. bitterly cold, as the weather; contentious and disagreeable, as a person.

ĒVALOUS, adj. doubtful, uncertain, as the weather.

ĒVA, n. doubt; scruple; hesitancy.

ĒVER, n. anything large of its kind, "A graat ever av a ku."